Thoracic surgery is a medical science that deals with traumas and surgical treatments of diseases of other organs and regions (chest wall, ribs, lungs, lung membranes, mediastinum, diaphragm, esophagus) excluding the heart and main vessels located in the thoracic cavity. Congenital deformations in the thoracic cage, tumor formations, stenosis and obstructions in the respiratory tract, tumors and diseases of the lungs, diaphragm and esophagus that fall into the field of congenital or advanced surgery are diagnosed, treated and followed up by thoracic surgery clinics.